Over the past fifty years, bone marrow transplantation has increasingly been employed to treat various malignant and non-malignant conditions. This procedure is indicated when an individual's bone marrow is unable to function adequately. Also referred to as haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, it aims to enhance the likelihood of achieving a cure or remission in specific blood cancers and certain benign blood disorders. Typically, the process involves rigorous chemotherapy followed by the infusion of stem cells.